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Burrows Cave is the name given to an alleged cave site in a disputed location in Southern Illinois allegedly discovered by Russell E. Burrows. Burrows says it contained a number of artifacts. The cave and its contents are considered a hoax by mainstream archaeologists and some fringe archaeologists. Burrows says he discovered the cave while hiking in 1982, and that it contained numerous archaeological artifacts, including carvings, coins, and other artifacts. Many of the purported artifacts are said to have inscriptions in various ancient languages such as Egyptian, Ancient Greek, etc., but the inscriptions are generally meaningless. Burrows claims that the cave is a tomb holding the artifacts and remains of 13 crypts. To date, nobody outside Burrows's immediate circle has claimed to have been inside the caves, and many of the claimed artifacts have been revealed as forgeries. The cave and its artifacts are widely considered to be a hoax or fraud, 〔 |〕 even among proponents of other pseudoarchaeological theories such as Barry Fell.〔Fell, H. B. 1987. Detecting Fraudulent Inscriptions. Epigraphic Society Occasional Publications, 16: 24. |〕 The idea has gained some traction within proponents of Mormon archaeology and hyperdiffusionism theorists such as Frank Collin (writing as Frank Joseph).〔http://www.ancientamerican.com/aa/index.php/book-store〕 Burrows and the cave were one of the subjects of the second season "Grand Canyon Treasure" episode of ''America Unearthed'' and the show ''Holy Grail in America'', both produced by the History Channel. Thomas Emerson, the Illinois state archaeologist and former head of the Illinois Historic Preservation Agency warned that the claims being made by Burrows cave proponents were sensational, and not backed by solid evidence. ==Phoenician ship== Up until about 1993, the predominant Burrows Cave scenario involved Egyptian and Phoenician colonists. Part of the evidence for this involved a stone tablet supposedly depicting a Phoenician vessel. Frank Joseph, one of the key figures involved with the cave, reproduced this in his book ''The Lost Treasure of King Juba: The Evidence of Africans in America before Columbus'' alongside an image of an actual Phoenician vessel that had been used by an associate of Burrows who had originally identified it as Phoenician. In doing so he cropped the image from the Burrows stone making the paddle end of a steering oar unidentifiable but leaving the steering oars that are shown on what he calls (and the artist depicts) as the prow of the boat. The anthropologist and geographer George F. Carter, a supporter of the concept of trans-cultural diffusion, commented on the image saying "The 'author' did not recognize the paired oars, and hung an 'impossible' oar over the bow. All others equally botched up. Fanciful stern pieces...Oar over bow - crude fakery by an ignoramus in the world of ships."〔 |〕 The image used to identify the ship as Phoenician actually is dated to around 700 BCE, but Joseph described it as dated 170 BCE, possibly because around this time Burrows Cave was being portrayed as the destination of Mauretanians, including "exiled Romans, Africans, Celts, Christians and Jews"〔Meador, S. 2004. Untitled Review. "Rambles: A Cultural Arts Magazine", 3 January 2004 ()〕 fleeing the Romans taking with them an alleged treasure belong to King Juba II.〔 |〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Burrows Cave」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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